Sin and Its Consequences

Sin and Its Consequences – A Biblical and Reformed Perspective

The doctrine of sin is foundational to understanding the gospel. Without grasping the nature and consequences of sin, one cannot fully appreciate the grace of salvation through Christ. In this article, we examine sin from a biblical and Reformed theological perspective, drawing insights from John MacArthur and other Reformers like Augustine, John Calvin, and R.C. Sproul.

1. What Is Sin?

Sin is not merely a mistake or a flaw. According to 1 John 3:4, "Sin is lawlessness." It is a direct violation of God's holy law — a rebellion against the Creator's authority. Sin is rooted in pride, self-exaltation, and unbelief. As R.C. Sproul said, "Sin is cosmic treason."

2. The Origin of Sin

Sin entered the world through the disobedience of Adam and Eve (Genesis 3). Though created upright (Ecclesiastes 7:29), man chose autonomy over obedience. This act introduced death and corruption into creation.

Paul teaches in Romans 5:12: "Just as sin came into the world through one man, and death through sin, and so death spread to all men because all sinned." This passage supports the doctrine of original sin — that all humanity inherits a sinful nature due to Adam's fall.

3. Total Depravity: Man’s Fallen Condition

Reformed theology teaches Total Depravity, meaning every part of human nature is tainted by sin. It does not mean that humans are as evil as they could be, but that sin affects the mind, will, emotions, and body. No one seeks God on their own (Romans 3:10–12).

John Calvin emphasized that man's will is in bondage to sin. In The Institutes, he wrote, "Man is so enslaved by the yoke of sin that he cannot even form a good thought by himself."

4. The Consequences of Sin

• Separation from God – Isaiah 59:2 says, "Your iniquities have made a separation between you and your God."
• Spiritual and Physical Death – Romans 6:23: "The wages of sin is death."
• Divine Wrath – Ephesians 2:3 describes humanity as "children of wrath."
• Corruption of Society – Romans 1 illustrates how sinful desires lead to societal collapse and moral decay.

5. False Beliefs About Sin

Throughout history, some have minimized sin. Pelagianism, condemned by the early church, taught that man is born morally neutral and can choose righteousness without divine aid. Modern liberal theology often regards sin as a psychological or social problem rather than rebellion against God.

In contrast, Reformed theology affirms that sin is a theological issue at its core — a break in our relationship with a holy God that only Christ can reconcile.

6. Hope in the Midst of Sin

The beauty of the gospel shines brightest against the darkness of sin. While we were dead in our trespasses (Ephesians 2:1), God made us alive through Christ. The Holy Spirit regenerates and gives a new heart to those who believe.

Martin Luther proclaimed, "When I look at myself, I don't see how I can be saved. When I look at Christ, I don't see how I can be lost."

7. The Ongoing Battle with Sin

Even after conversion, believers continue to struggle with sin. Paul laments in Romans 7:24: "Wretched man that I am! Who will deliver me from this body of death?" Sanctification is the process by which the Spirit gradually conforms us to the image of Christ.

Conclusion

Understanding sin is essential for understanding grace. A low view of sin leads to a shallow gospel. But when we see sin for what it is — rebellion deserving of God’s wrath — we begin to comprehend the depth of God’s mercy and love in sending His Son.

As believers, let us not minimize sin, excuse it, or redefine it. Instead, let us confess it, flee from it, and rest in the righteousness of Christ who bore its penalty on our behalf.